Which rules apply to electric vehicle batteries?

Notification to US EPA through the Central Data Exchange (CDX), the PFAS 8(a)(7) reporting tool (§705.35)

Submit the §705.15 information (or, for article importers, the §705.18(a) streamlined form) during the submission period. §705.20(a): the submission period begins January 31, 2027, or 60 days following the date EPA announces in the Federal Register under paragraph (c), whichever is earlier, and lasts six months. §705.20(b): a small manufacturer (40 CFR 704.3) reporting exclusively as an article importer under §705.18(a) has twelve months from the same start. §705.25: keep the records that document what was reported for 5 years beginning on the last day of the submission period.

• Your role: Manufacturer or Importer
• You manufactured (including imported) a PFAS, or an article containing one, for commercial purposes at any time from January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2022

Depends on: economic operator role

Takes effect 31 Jan 2027

Applies to products manufactured on or after 31 Jan 2027

Stated in §705.20(a)-(b): “the submission period shall begin January 31, 2027, or 60 days following the date provided in paragraph (c) of this section, whichever is earlier”. Paragraph (c): “EPA intends to publish a document in the Federal Register announcing the submission period date and revising or removing this paragraph (c).” The period had not begun on the date this row was made (2026-10-26); the date is the latest start the text allows.

Banned

• Battery chemistry: Other
• Contains a button or coin cell

Depends on: battery chemistry, button or coin cell

In force since 13 May 1996

Applies to products sold on or after 13 May 1996

Dates in the statute run from May 13, 1996 ("manufactured on or after May 13, 1996"). On or after May 13, 1996. Mercuric-oxide has no registered chemistry value; "other" is the nearest.

Banned

• Battery chemistry: Alkaline or zinc-carbon

Depends on: battery chemistry

In force since 13 May 1996

Applies to products sold on or after 13 May 1996

Dates in the statute run from May 13, 1996 (manufactured on or after May 13, 1996). Intentionally introduced mercury; incidental mercury is allowed. The chemistry value covers alkaline-manganese and zinc-carbon together; see the zinc-carbon rule.

Banned

• Battery chemistry: Alkaline or zinc-carbon

Depends on: battery chemistry

In force since 13 May 1996

Applies to products sold on or after 13 May 1996

Dates in the statute run from May 13, 1996 (manufactured on or after May 13, 1996). Intentionally introduced mercury; incidental mercury is allowed. The chemistry value covers alkaline-manganese and zinc-carbon together; see the zinc-carbon rule.

Banned

• Battery chemistry: Alkaline or zinc-carbon

Depends on: battery chemistry

In force since 13 May 1996

Applies to products sold on or after 13 May 1996

Dates in the statute run from May 13, 1996 ("manufactured on or after May 13, 1996"). Mercury intentionally introduced.

Notification to US EPA through the Central Data Exchange (CDX), the PFAS 8(a)(7) reporting tool (§705.35)

Persons who manufactured a PFAS, including as an importer, for commercial purposes at any period from January 1, 2011 through the end of the last calendar year before November 13, 2023 must report to EPA. §705.1(a): “This part specifies reporting and recordkeeping procedures for manufacturers (including importers) of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (hereafter referred to as PFAS) under section 8(a)(7) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).” §705.5: “The requirements of this part apply to all chemical substances and mixtures containing a chemical substance (including articles) that are a PFAS, consistent with the definition of PFAS at § 705.3.” §705.18(a): an importer of an article that contains a PFAS may use a streamlined article-importer form for each year since January 1, 2011 in which the PFAS was imported in an article. PFAS is defined in §705.3 by three structural sub-structures; this check lists the rule for a product only if it contains a PFAS.

• Your role: Manufacturer or Importer
• You manufactured (including imported) a PFAS, or an article containing one, for commercial purposes at any time from January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2022

Depends on: economic operator role

In force, start date unknown

The text names November 13, 2023 only as the end of the look-back window in §705.10 (“the last calendar year prior to November 13, 2023”); it states no operative date of its own, so that date stands in. The one-time report covers each year since January 1, 2011; when it is due is in the §705.20 row.

Products subject to a CPSC rule, ban, standard or regulation other than the furniture rules, not children's products

Declaration required

General Certificate of Conformity: a certificate of compliance that must accompany each product or shipment subject to a CPSC rule, ban, standard or regulation. The importer certifies a product made outside the United States; for a product made in the United States the manufacturer certifies, or the private labeler if the product bears a private label, unless the manufacturer issues the certificate.

• It is a consumer product subject to a CPSC safety rule, ban or standard and sold or held for sale to consumers (16 CFR 1110.3(b) (Finished product))
• Your role: Manufacturer or Importer

Depends on: economic operator role

In force since 12 Nov 2008

Applies to products distributed on or after 12 Nov 2008

The certificate duty took effect on November 12, 2008, 90 days after the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 was enacted. The current text of part 1110, as revised by the Commission final rule published on January 8, 2025, applies from July 8, 2026.

Report to CPSC within 24 hours when you learn your product may have a defect, break a safety rule, or create an unreasonable risk of serious injury or death

Notification to US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)

Section 15(b) report: every manufacturer (including an importer), distributor and retailer of a consumer product who obtains information that reasonably supports the conclusion that the product fails to comply with a consumer product safety rule or a relied-on voluntary standard, contains a defect which could create a substantial product hazard, or creates an unreasonable risk of serious injury or death must immediately (within 24 hours) inform CPSC (15 U.S.C. 2064(b); 16 CFR 1115.2(b), 1115.12, 1115.14(e)); the report gives the firm, the product, the nature of the defect or risk, and the corrective action (1115.13)

• It is a consumer product subject to regulation under the CPSA, Refrigerator Safety Act, FFA, FHSA or PPPA (16 CFR 1115.2(d))

In force since 7 Aug 1978

Applies to products distributed on or after 7 Aug 1978

Part 1115 source: 43 FR 34998, Aug. 7, 1978; the duty is in CPSA section 15(b) (1972, as amended).

A claim that the product or its package is free of BPA or does not contain or use BPA.

Must meet the conditions of A claim that the product is free of BPA must be truthful and be clearly and prominently qualified to the extent necessary to avoid deception. Even a truthful claim may be deceptive if the product contains or uses substances that pose the same or similar environmental risks, or if BPA has not been associated with the product category. A free-of claim can be appropriate for a trace amount only if the level is no more than an acknowledged trace contaminant or background level, its presence does not cause material harm that consumers typically associate with the substance, and it was not added intentionally. These Guides are the FTC's guidance on how Section 5 of the FTC Act applies to environmental claims; they do not ban the claim, but the FTC can act against a claim that is inconsistent with them.

• Claim: BPA-free

In force, start date unknown

The text states only the Federal Register publication date of the current Guides (October 11, 2012); it states no separate effective date.

A compostable claim made for the product or its package.

Must meet the conditions of Do not misrepresent, directly or by implication, that the product or package is compostable.

• Claim: compostable

In force, start date unknown

The text states only the Federal Register publication date of the current Guides (October 11, 2012); it states no separate effective date.

A degradable or biodegradable claim (including oxo-degradable, oxo-biodegradable and photodegradable claims) made for the product or its package.

Must meet the conditions of Do not misrepresent, directly or by implication, that the product or package is degradable, biodegradable, oxo-degradable, oxo-biodegradable or photodegradable.

• Claim: biodegradable

In force, start date unknown

The text states only the Federal Register publication date of the current Guides (October 11, 2012); it states no separate effective date.

A claim that the product or its package is free of formaldehyde or does not contain or use formaldehyde.

Must meet the conditions of A claim that the product is free of formaldehyde must be truthful and be clearly and prominently qualified to the extent necessary to avoid deception. Even a truthful claim may be deceptive if the product contains or uses substances that pose the same or similar environmental risks, or if formaldehyde has not been associated with the product category. A free-of claim can be appropriate for a trace amount only if the level is no more than an acknowledged trace contaminant or background level, its presence does not cause material harm that consumers typically associate with the substance, and it was not added intentionally. These Guides are the FTC's guidance on how Section 5 of the FTC Act applies to environmental claims; they do not ban the claim, but the FTC can act against a claim that is inconsistent with them.

• Claim: formaldehyde-free

In force, start date unknown

The text states only the Federal Register publication date of the current Guides (October 11, 2012); it states no separate effective date.

A general environmental benefit claim (for example "eco-friendly" or "green") made for the product or its package.

Must meet the conditions of Do not misrepresent, directly or by implication, that the product, package or service offers a general environmental benefit.

• Claim: eco-friendly

In force, start date unknown

The text states only the Federal Register publication date of the current Guides (October 11, 2012); it states no separate effective date.

A claim that the product or its package is free of lead or does not contain or use lead.

Must meet the conditions of A claim that the product is free of lead must be truthful and be clearly and prominently qualified to the extent necessary to avoid deception. Even a truthful claim may be deceptive if the product contains or uses substances that pose the same or similar environmental risks, or if lead has not been associated with the product category. A free-of claim can be appropriate for a trace amount only if the level is no more than an acknowledged trace contaminant or background level, its presence does not cause material harm that consumers typically associate with the substance, and it was not added intentionally. These Guides are the FTC's guidance on how Section 5 of the FTC Act applies to environmental claims; they do not ban the claim, but the FTC can act against a claim that is inconsistent with them.

• Claim: lead-free

In force, start date unknown

The text states only the Federal Register publication date of the current Guides (October 11, 2012); it states no separate effective date.

A non-toxic claim made for the product or its package.

Must meet the conditions of Do not misrepresent, directly or by implication, that the product, package or service is non-toxic. Qualify a non-toxic claim clearly and prominently to the extent necessary to avoid deception.

• Claim: non-toxic

In force, start date unknown

The text states only the Federal Register publication date of the current Guides (October 11, 2012); it states no separate effective date.

A claim that the product or its package is free of PFAS or does not contain or use PFAS.

Must meet the conditions of A claim that the product is free of PFAS must be truthful and be clearly and prominently qualified to the extent necessary to avoid deception. Even a truthful claim may be deceptive if the product contains or uses substances that pose the same or similar environmental risks, or if PFAS has not been associated with the product category. A free-of claim can be appropriate for a trace amount only if the level is no more than an acknowledged trace contaminant or background level, its presence does not cause material harm that consumers typically associate with the substance, and it was not added intentionally. These Guides are the FTC's guidance on how Section 5 of the FTC Act applies to environmental claims; they do not ban the claim, but the FTC can act against a claim that is inconsistent with them.

• Claim: PFAS-free

In force, start date unknown

The text states only the Federal Register publication date of the current Guides (October 11, 2012); it states no separate effective date.

A claim that the product or its package is free of PTFE or does not contain or use PTFE.

Must meet the conditions of A claim that the product is free of PTFE must be truthful and be clearly and prominently qualified to the extent necessary to avoid deception. Even a truthful claim may be deceptive if the product contains or uses substances that pose the same or similar environmental risks, or if PTFE has not been associated with the product category. A free-of claim can be appropriate for a trace amount only if the level is no more than an acknowledged trace contaminant or background level, its presence does not cause material harm that consumers typically associate with the substance, and it was not added intentionally. These Guides are the FTC's guidance on how Section 5 of the FTC Act applies to environmental claims; they do not ban the claim, but the FTC can act against a claim that is inconsistent with them.

• Claim: PTFE-free

In force, start date unknown

The text states only the Federal Register publication date of the current Guides (October 11, 2012); it states no separate effective date.

A recyclable claim made for the product or its package.

Must meet the conditions of Market the item as recyclable only if it can be collected, separated or otherwise recovered from the waste stream through an established recycling program for reuse or for use in making another item. Make an unqualified claim only when recycling facilities are available to a substantial majority (at least 60 percent) of consumers or communities where the item is sold; otherwise qualify the claim. Qualify which portions are recyclable when only some components are, and do not call the item recyclable if any component, or its shape or size, significantly limits recycling. These Guides are the FTC's guidance on how Section 5 of the FTC Act applies to environmental claims; they do not ban the claim, but the FTC can act against a claim that is inconsistent with them.

• Claim: recyclable

In force, start date unknown

The text states only the Federal Register publication date of the current Guides (October 11, 2012); it states no separate effective date.

A label that represents the product as Made in the United States without qualification.

Must meet the conditions of Label a product as Made in the United States only if its final assembly or processing occurs in the United States, all significant processing that goes into it occurs in the United States, and all or virtually all of its ingredients or components are made and sourced in the United States. The same applies to a seal, mark, tag or stamp in a mail order catalog or mail order promotional material. A violation is treated as a violation of a trade regulation rule under section 18 of the FTC Act.

• Claim: Made in USA

In force, start date unknown

The text states only the Federal Register publication date of the rule (July 14, 2021); it states no separate effective date.

If you give a written warranty, put all its terms in one clear document: who and what is covered, what you will do, how long, how to claim, and the required State-rights statements

Disclosure to buyer

Written warranty terms (16 CFR 701.3(a)): a warrantor who gives a written warranty on a consumer product costing the consumer more than $15.00 must clearly and conspicuously disclose, in a single document in simple and readily understood language: (1) who the warranty is extended to, if limited to the original purchaser or otherwise; (2) the products, parts or components covered and, where needed, excluded; (3) what the warrantor will do on a defect or failure, and what it will pay for or provide; (4) when the term starts if not on the purchase date, and how long it lasts; (5) step by step how to claim, with the warrantor's name and mailing address or responsible department, or a free telephone number; (6) any informal dispute settlement mechanism (part 703); (7) any limit on the duration of implied warranties, with "Some States do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts, so the above limitation may not apply to you."; (8) any exclusion or limit on incidental or consequential damages, with its State-law statement; (9) "This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from State to State." If return of a registration card is a condition of coverage, the warranty must say so (701.4).

• It is a consumer product (tangible personal property normally used for personal, family or household purposes) (16 CFR 701.1(b), 702.1(b))
• You give a written warranty on a consumer product that costs the consumer more than $15 (16 CFR 701.2: the rules apply to "written warranties on consumer products actually costing the consumer more than $15.00"; 701.1(h): a warrantor is "any supplier, manufacturer, or other person who gives or offers to give a written warranty")

In force since 1 Jan 1977

Applies to products manufactured on or after 1 Jan 1977

Parts 701 and 702 apply only to written warranties on products manufactured after December 31, 1976 (16 CFR 700.12); 702.3 was last revised at 81 FR 63669, Sept. 15, 2016 (online warranty terms option).

Make the written warranty's text available to the buyer before the sale (in store, catalog or online listing, door to door); the warrantor supplies the text or posts it online

Disclosure to buyer

Pre-sale availability of written warranty terms (16 CFR 702.3), for consumer products costing the consumer more than $15.00. Seller (702.3(a)): make the warranty text readily available before sale by displaying it close to the product, or by furnishing it on request with signs telling buyers it is available. Catalog and mail order sellers, including any offer whose ordering does not need a visit to the seller (702.3(c)): give the full text, or the warrantor's web address plus where to request a free copy, beside the product description or in a referenced section. Door-to-door sellers: say before the sale that the warranties may be inspected (702.3(d)). Warrantor (702.3(b)(1)): give sellers the warranty materials (a copy with every product, a tag or label with the full text, the text on a display carton, or a sign or poster, with a copy in the box), and give catalog, mail order and door-to-door sellers copies; or (702.3(b)(2)) post the terms on its website, state the web address and a non-Internet way to request them in the manual or on the product or package, and send a free hard copy on request.

• It is a consumer product (tangible personal property normally used for personal, family or household purposes) (16 CFR 701.1(b), 702.1(b))
• You give a written warranty on a consumer product that costs the consumer more than $15, or sell such a product with one (16 CFR 702.3: "The following requirements apply to consumer products actually costing the consumer more than $15.00"; the seller's duties are in 702.3(a), the warrantor's in 702.3(b))

In force since 1 Jan 1977

Applies to products manufactured on or after 1 Jan 1977

Parts 701 and 702 apply only to written warranties on products manufactured after December 31, 1976 (16 CFR 700.12); 702.3 was last revised at 81 FR 63669, Sept. 15, 2016 (online warranty terms option).

Products and articles containing decaBDE (decabromodiphenyl ether, CASRN 1163-19-5) may not be manufactured, processed or distributed in commerce in the United States

Must meet the conditions of 40 CFR 751.405(a)(1)(i): all persons are prohibited from all manufacturing and processing of decaBDE or decaBDE-containing products or articles after March 8, 2021, and from all distribution in commerce of decaBDE or decaBDE-containing products or articles after January 6, 2022. (a)(1)(ii): products or articles containing decaBDE below 0.1 percent by weight are outside the prohibition if the decaBDE was not intentionally added. Later dates apply to listed uses ((a)(2): hospitality curtains, nuclear wire and cable insulation, aerospace and motor vehicle parts, plastic shipping pallets). (c): manufacturers, processors and distributors keep records showing compliance for five years.

• DecaBDE was added to it, or to a part of it, during manufacture (40 CFR 751.405(a)(1)(ii): below 0.1 percent by weight and not intentionally added, the ban does not apply)

In force since 7 Jan 2022

Applies to products distributed on or after 7 Jan 2022

Distribution in commerce is prohibited “after January 6, 2022”, so from January 7, 2022; manufacturing and processing were prohibited after March 8, 2021.

Articles containing PIP (3:1) (phenol, isopropylated phosphate (3:1), CASRN 68937-41-7) may not be distributed in commerce in the United States

Must meet the conditions of 40 CFR 751.407(a)(1): all persons are prohibited from all processing and distributing in commerce of PIP (3:1), including in PIP (3:1)-containing products or articles, except as (a)(2) and (b) provide. (a)(2)(iii): after October 31, 2024 all processing of PIP (3:1) for use in articles and of PIP (3:1)-containing articles is prohibited, and after October 31, 2026 all distribution in commerce of PIP (3:1)-containing articles. Products or articles with less than 0.1 percent by weight of PIP (3:1) that was not intentionally added are outside the prohibition. (c): manufacturers, processors and distributors keep records showing compliance for five years.

• PIP (3:1) was added to it, or to a part of it, during manufacture (40 CFR 751.407(a)(1): below 0.1 percent by weight and not intentionally added, the ban does not apply)

In force since 1 Nov 2026

Applies to products distributed on or after 1 Nov 2026

Distribution in commerce of PIP (3:1)-containing articles is prohibited “After October 31, 2026”, so from November 1, 2026; processing of PIP (3:1)-containing articles was prohibited after October 31, 2024.

§1263.4(a)

Label required

Warning statements clearly visible, prominent, legible and permanently marked, in contrasting colour and in English; safety alert symbol and signal word WARNING in the prescribed format; text size by principal display panel area

• It is a consumer product containing a button cell or coin battery, or such a battery sold on its own or packaged with one (16 CFR 1263.2 (Consumer product containing button cell or coin batteries))
• Contains a button or coin cell
• Your role: Manufacturer or Importer

Depends on: button or coin cell, economic operator role

In force since 22 Sep 2024

Applies to products manufactured on or after 22 Sep 2024

Packages manufactured or imported after September 21, 2024 (§1263.1(b)); first day 2024-09-22.

§1263.4(b)(3)(i)

Label required

Keep in original package until ready to use.

• It is a consumer product containing a button cell or coin battery, or such a battery sold on its own or packaged with one (16 CFR 1263.2 (Consumer product containing button cell or coin batteries))
• Contains a button or coin cell
• Your role: Manufacturer or Importer

Depends on: button or coin cell, economic operator role

In force since 22 Sep 2024

Applies to products manufactured on or after 22 Sep 2024

Packages manufactured or imported after September 21, 2024 (§1263.1(b)); first day 2024-09-22.